भारतीय संविधान - अधिकार धाराएं

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework that demarcates the fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written national constitution in the world.

It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950. The constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India became the Republic of India. To ensure constitutional autochthony, its framers repealed prior acts of the British parliament in Article 395. India celebrates its constitution on 26 January as Republic Day.

Part I – States and union territories – Articles 1 to 4

Part II – Citizenship – Articles 5 to 11

Part III – Fundamental Rights – Articles 12 to 35

Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy – Articles 36 to 51

Part IVA – Fundamental Duties – Article 51A

Part V – The Union – Articles 52 to 151

Part VI – The States – Articles 152 to 237

Part VII – States in the B part of the first schedule (repealed) – Article 238

Part VIII – Union territories – Articles 239 to 242

Part IX – Panchayats – Articles 243 to 243(O)

Part IXA – Municipalities – Articles 243(P) to 243(ZG)

Part IXB – Co-operative societies – Articles 243(H) to 243(ZT)

Part X – Scheduled and tribal areas – Articles 244 to 244A

Part XI – Relations between the union and the states – Articles 245 to 263

Part XII – Finance, property, contracts and suits – Articles 264 to 300A

Part XIII – Trade and commerce within India – Articles 301 to 307

Part XIV – Services under the union and states – Articles 308 to 323

Part XIVA – Tribunals – Articles 323A to 323B

Part XV – Elections – Articles 324 to 329A

Part XVI – Special provisions relating to certain classes – Articles 330 to 342

Part XVII – Languages – Articles 343 to 351

Part XVIII – Emergency provisions – Articles 352 to 360

Part XIX – Miscellaneous – Articles 361 to 367

Part XX – Amending the constitution – Articles 368

Part XXI – Temporary, transitional and special provisions – Articles 369 to 392

Part XXII – Short title, date of commencement, authoritative text in Hindi and repeals – Articles 393 to 395