Godaan By Premchand in Hindi

Premchand  (31 July 1880 – 8 October 1936), better known as Munshi Premchand,Munshi being an honorary prefix, was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindi-Urdu literature. He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent, and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindustani writers of the early twentieth century, Born Dhanpat Rai Srivastav, he began writing under the pen name "Nawab Rai", but subsequently switched to "Premchand". A novel writer, story writer and dramatist, he has been referred to as the "Upanyas Samrat" ("Emperor among Novelists") by writers. His works include more than a dozen novels, around 250 short stories, several essays and translations of a number of foreign literary works into Hindi.

The story revolves around many characters representing the various sections of Indian community. The peasant and rural society is represented by the family of Hori Mahato and his family members which includes Dhania(wife), Rupa and Sona (daughters), Gobar (son), Jhunia (daughter-in-law). The Story starts from a point where Hori has a deep desire of having a cow as other millions of poor peasants. He purchased, on debt of Rs.80, a cow from Bhola, a cowherd. Hori tried to cheat his brothers for 10 rupees. This in turn led to a fight between his wife and his younger brother, Heera’s wife. Jealous of Hori, his younger brother Heera poisoned the cow and ran away because of the fear of police action. When the police came inquiring the death of the cow, Hori took a loan and paid the bribe to the police and was able to clear off his younger brother’s name. Jhunia, the daughter of Bhola, was a widow and eloped with Gobar after she got pregnant by him. Because of the fear of the action from villagers Gobar also ran away to the town. Hori and Dhania were unable to throw a girl carrying their son's child and gave her protection and accepted her as their daughter-in-law. The village Panchayat fines Hori as his wife tackles the personal attack of the Pandit on them for sheltering Jhunia. Hori again is compelled to take a loan and pay the penalty. Hori is in huge debt from local money lenders and eventually married off his daughter Rupa for mere 200 rupees to save his ancestral land from being auctioned because of his inability to pay land tax. But his determination to pay those 200 rupees and to have a cow to provide milk to his grand son, leads to Hori's death because of excessive work. When he is about to die, his wife Dhania took out all the money she had (1.25 Rupees) and made Hori pay the priest on behalf of (Godan) (cow donation).

गोदान प्रेमचंद का हिंदी उपन्यास है जिसमें उनकी कला अपने चरम उत्कर्ष पर पहुँची है। गोदान में भारतीय किसान का संपूर्ण जीवन - उसकी आकांक्षा और निराशा, उसकी धर्मभीरुता और भारतपरायणता के साथ स्वार्थपरता ओर बैठकबाजी, उसकी बेबसी और निरीहता- का जीता जागता चित्र उपस्थित किया गया है। उसकी गर्दन जिस पैर के नीचे दबी है उसे सहलाता, क्लेश और वेदना को झुठलाता, 'मरजाद' की झूठी भावना पर गर्व करता, ऋणग्रस्तता के अभिशाप में पिसता, तिल तिल शूलों भरे पथ पर आगे बढ़ता, भारतीय समाज का मेरुदंड यह किसान कितना शिथिल और जर्जर हो चुका है, यह गोदान में प्रत्यक्ष देखने को मिलता है। नगरों के कोलाहलमय चकाचौंध ने गाँवों की विभूति को कैसे ढँक लिया है, जमींदार, मिल मालिक, पत्रसंपादक, अध्यापक, पेशेवर वकील और डाक्टर, राजनीतिक नेता और राजकर्मचारी जोंक बने कैसे गाँव के इस निरीह किसान का शोषण कर रहे हैं और कैसे गाँव के ही महाजन और पुरोहित उनकी सहायता कर रहे हैं, गोदान में ये सभी तत्व नखदर्पण के समान प्रत्यक्ष हो गए हैं। गोदान, वास्तव में, २०वीं शताब्दी की तीसरी और चौथी दशाब्दियों के भारत का ऐसा सजीव चित्र है, जैसा हमें अन्यत्र मिलना दुर्लभ है।

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