Java Book

Java is a computer program of a series of commands executed in a certain order, and together they solve a specific task. A program is written as a text document that contains all the necessary commands. This document is called the program code or source code. The individual commands must be written in a very precise way for the computer to understand them, and it is here that programming languages comes into the picture. A programming language lays down precise rules for how the commands should be entered. There are many programming languages, and although they are different, each with their advantages and disadvantages, the similarities outweigh the differences, and once you have learned a language, it is easy to learn the next. The following are used throughout the Java programming language, which is a widely used languages on many platforms. How the individual commands and orders exactly must be written is called the language’s syntax. What the individual commands are doing or performing is called the language’s semantics. As mentioned above, a program is written as a text document (in practice several or many), and it is simply a document of commands. Commands are also called statements. These commands or statements being only text, the machine can not immediately perform the commands, but they must be translated into an internal format that the computer understands.

This process is called translation or compilation and is performed by a program that can

convert statements written in a particular programming language to the computer’s internal commands. The program is usually called a compiler. During the translation the program is checked for errors, and if there are errors, you get an error message, and the errors must then be corrected before the program is translated again. Not all errors are found during translation, but only syntax errors, which covers the issue where a statement is not written in accordance with the programming language’s rules. A translated program can easily contain errors, for example a miscalculation. To write a program you must of course learn the programming language that is selected, but also you must learn how the solution of a task can be formulated by statements in the language. It is the latter that is the most difficult, and there is rarely a clear solution. A solution of a problem by means of a program is also called an algorithm. Programming is largely a matter of writing algorithms, something that I will return to several times.

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