aljihaz almanaeiu

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aljihaz almanaeiu

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kitab nizam almanaea

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jihaz almanaeat hu nizam muqawamat aljism lihajamat almawadi algharibat alati tataearad li'ajsamina. yumkin 'an tati hadhih almawadu algharibat min alkharij 'aw min dakhil aljism nafsihi. min 'amthilat almawadi algharibat alati tati min kharij aljism (kharijiati) albaktiria walfayrusat waltufayliaat walfitriaat walghubar wahubub allaqahi. wafi alwaqt nafsih , yumkin 'an takun almawadu algharibat min dakhil aljism ealaa shakl khalaya maytat 'aw khalaya taghayur shaklaha wawazifatuha. tusamaa hadhih almawadu algharibat bialmanaeat 'aw almustadadati.

'iidha taearad 'ahad manaeat lijasmina , fasawf yastajib jismuna ean tariq takwin aistijabat manaeiat min jihaz almanaeati. yueadu aljihaz almanaeiu hrfyan nizam difae ean alnafs mfydan , walakin fi zili zuruf mueayanat yumkin 'an yakhluq zrwfan mueakisatan.

tanqasim alaistijabat almanaeiat 'iilaa marhalatayn , wahuma marhalat alaistijabat almanaeiat alfitriat wamarhalat alaistijabat almanaeiat altakiufiati. tahduth aistijabat manaeiat tabieiat fi bidayat altaearud limawadi almanaeat fi 'ajsamina. 'iidha kan hadha aljihaz almanaei altabieiu qadran ealaa aldifae ean aljism min hajamat almanaeat , falan nueani min almarad (almarhalat al'uwlaa). ealaa aleaks min dhalik , 'iidha lam yatamakan jihaz almanaeat altabieii min aldifae dida hajamat almustamiein , fasanumrid / nueduaa (almarhalat althaaniati).

khalaya aljism alati taemal fi aljihaz almanaei (khalaya aljihaz almanaei) hi majmueat min khalaya aldam albayda' (alkurayaat albayd). fi 'ada' wajibatihim , yatimu taqsim khalaya aldam albayda' 'iilaa majmueatayni. taleab almajmueat al'uwlaa dwran fi aljihaz almanaeii altabieii , bima fi dhalik khalaya albalaeim , wakhalaya aleadlat , wakhalaya alhamdat , walkhalaya almutaghasinatu. tusamaa khalaya APC (khalaya taqdim almustadada). khalaya APC hi khalaya mukalafat bialtaearuf ealaa aljinat almanaeiat wamuealajatiha , walati sayatimu taslimuha lahqan 'iilaa alkhalaya alati taleab dwran fi alaistijabat almanaeiat altakayufiati. bial'iidafat 'iilaa khalaya APC , hunak khalaya NK (qatilat tabieiatun) taleab dwran fi alaistijabat almanaeiat altabieiati. almajmueat althaaniat min alkhalaya hi alkhalaya alati taleab dwran fi alaistijabat almanaeiat altakayufiat , wahi alkhalaya alliymifawiat albayiya (alati tuntij al'ajsam almudadata) wakhalaya alkhalaya allimafawiat altaayiyat alati taleab dwran fi 'iintaj alsiytukinati. sataemal hadhih alssytukinat ealaa tanshit alkhalaya alati taleab dwran fi aljihaz almanaeii litakun 'akthar nshatan fi aldifae ean aljism dida alhajamat almikrubiat shadidat aleadwaa , mithl albaktiria salibat aljiram walbaktiria mujabat aljiram walfayrusat.