12CBOOK

Unit I : Solid State

Classification of solids based on different binding forces : molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea), unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids.

Unit II : Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions.

Unit III : Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, conductance in electroytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis.

Unit IV : Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction; concentration, temperature, catalyst.

Unit V : Surface Chemistry

Absorption - physisorption and chemisorption factors affecting adsorption of gases of solids; catalysis: homogenous and heterogeneous activity and selectivity.

Unit VI : General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Principles and methods of extraction - concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and Iron.

Unit VII : p-Block Elements

Group 15 Elements : General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states.

Group 16 Elements : General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence.

Group 17 Elements : General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states.

Group 18 Elements : General introduction, electronic configuration. Occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit VIII : d and f-Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals - metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii.

Unit IX : Coordination Compounds

Coordination Compounds - introduction, ligands and coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding; isomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems).

Unit X : Haloalkanes and Haloarenes.

Haloalkanes :Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions.

Haloarenes:Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only)

Unit XI : Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones : Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation.

Carboxylic Acids : Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

Unit XIII : Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

Amines : Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Diazonium salts : Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Unit XIV : Biomolecules

Carbohydrates : Classification, (aldoses and ketoses) monosaccharides, (glucose and fructose), oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); importance.

Proteins.

Unit XV : Polymers

Classification : natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization. Some important polymers : natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters, bakelite, rubber.

Unit XVI : Chemistry in Everyday Life

1. Chemicals in medicines : analygesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants.

2. Chemics in food : preservatives, artificial sweetening agents.

3. Cleansing agents : soaps and detergents, cleansing action.