History of the Philippines
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About History of the Philippines
History of the Philippines . Have English and Tagalog languages
(English)
Earliest hominin activity in the Philippine archipelago is dated back to at least 709,000 years ago. Homo luzonensis, a species of archaic humans, was present on the island of Luzon at least 67,000 years ago. The earliest known anatomically modern human was from Tabon Caves in Palawan dating about 47,000 years. Negrito groups were the first inhabitants to settle in the prehistoric Philippines. By around 3000 BC, seafaring Austronesians, who form the majority of the current population, migrated southward from Taiwan.
Scholars generally believe that these ethnic and social groups eventually developed into various settlements or polities with varying degrees of economic specialization, social stratification, and political organization. Some of these settlements (mostly those located on major river deltas) achieved such a scale of social complexity that some scholars believe they should be considered early states. This includes the predecessors of modern-day population centers such as Manila, Tondo, Pangasinan, Cebu, Panay, Bohol, Butuan, Cotabato, Lanao, Zamboanga and Sulu as well as some polities, such as Ma-i, whose possible location is either Mindoro or Laguna.
These polities were influenced by Islamic, Indian, and Chinese cultures. Islam arrived from Arabia, while Indian Hindu-Buddhist religion, language, culture, literature and philosophy arrived through expeditions such as the South-East Asia campaign of Rajendra Chola I. Some polities were Sinified tributary states allied to China. These small maritime states flourished from the 1st millennium. These kingdoms traded with what are now called China, India, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. The remainder of the settlements were independent barangays allied with one of the larger states. These small states alternated from being part of or being influenced by larger Asian empires like the Ming Dynasty, Majapahit and Brunei or rebelling and waging war against them.
(Tagalog)
Napetsahan ang pinakamaagang aktibidad ng hominin sa kapuluang Pilipinas ng hindi bababa sa 709,000 taon na nakalipas. Nasa pulo ng Luzon ang Homo luzonensis, isang espesye ng sinaunang mga tao, noong mga hindi bababa sa 67,000 taon na nakalipas. Nagmula sa Yungib ng Tabon sa Palawan ang pinakamaagang kilalang makabagong anatomikong tao na nabuhay ng mga 47,000 taon nakalipas. Ang mga Negrito ang unang pangkat na unang nanirahan sa Pilipinas bago ang naitalang kasaysayan nito. Noong mga 3000 BC, naglayag ang mga Austronesyo, na siyang mayorya ng kasalukuyang populasyon, mula sa Taiwan patimog hanggang narating ang mga pulo na tinatawag ngayong Pilipinas.
Ang pinakamaagang naitalang kasaysayan ng Pilipinas ay matatagpuan sa Inskripsiyon sa Binatbat na Tanso ng Laguna na mayroong petsang 822 Shaka (900 AD sa kalendaryong Gregoryano). Nilalahad sa inskripsyon ang pagpatawad sa pakakautang ng isang tao na nagngangalang Namwaran, kasama ang kanyang mga anak na si Dayang Angkatan at Bukah. Ang unang tala na pagbisita na mula sa Kanluran ay ang pagdating ni Ferdinand Magellan sa pulo ng Homonhon, sa timog-silangan ng Samar noong Marso 16, 1521. Nagtayo ng mga permanenteng paninirahan sa Cebu kasabay ng ekspedisyon ni Miguel López de Legazpi noong 1565, at marami pang mga paninirahan ang itinatag pa-hilaga hanggang sa maabot ng mga kolonyalista ang Look ng Maynila sa pulo ng Luzon. Nagtatag ng isang lungsod sa Maynila at dito nagsimula ang panahon ng kolonisasyon ng Espanya na nagtagal ng mahigit tatlong siglo.
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