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Broadly defined, pharmacology is a discipline that deals with mechanisms of action of naturally occurring mediators and drugs at the level of the whole organism and the cell. Often confused with pharmacology, pharmacy is a separate discipline in the health sciences. Pharmacy uses the knowledge derived from pharmacology to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes through the appropriate preparation and dispensing of medicines.

Pharmacology has two major branches:

Pharmacokinetics, which refers to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.

Pharmacodynamics, which refers to the molecular, biochemical, and physiological effects of drugs, including drug mechanism of action.

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A major contribution of pharmacology has been the advancement of knowledge about the cellular receptors with which drugs interact. The development of new drugs has focused on steps in this process that are sensitive to modulation. Understanding how drugs interact with cellular targets allows pharmacologists to develop more selective drugs with fewer undesirable side effects.

Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any human-made, natural or endogenous substance. Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing and dispensing the drugs studied and produced by pharmacologists.