Об иностранных граждан в РФ

Federal Law "On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the Russian Federation" N 115-FZ

The federal law determines the legal status of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation, and also regulates the relations of foreign citizens with government bodies, local government bodies and officials of government bodies arising in connection with the stay (residence) of foreign citizens and their implementation of labor, business and other activities ...

The legislator in the concept of "foreign citizen" includes the concept of "stateless person", except for cases when federal law establishes special rules for stateless persons that differ from the rules established for foreign citizens.

The new Law defines three legal regimes for the stay of foreign citizens on the territory of the Russian Federation: the regime of temporary stay in the territory of the Russian Federation, the regime of temporary residence in the territory of the Russian Federation, and the regime of permanent residence in the territory of the Russian Federation.

The period of temporary stay of a foreign citizen in the Russian Federation is determined by the validity period of the visa issued to him. If a foreign citizen arrives in a manner that does not require a visa, then the period of his temporary stay cannot exceed ninety days, with some exceptions. In particular, if such a citizen has entered into an employment contract or a civil law contract for the performance of work (provision of services), the period of his temporary stay is extended for the duration of the concluded contract, but not more than one year, calculated from the date of his entry.

A temporary residence permit is issued to a foreign citizen within the quota approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. The temporary residence permit is valid for three years. Without taking into account the quota, a temporary residence permit can be issued only to certain categories of foreign citizens.

The reasons for refusal to issue a temporary residence permit or cancellation of a temporary residence permit are listed. During the validity period of a temporary residence permit and if there are legal grounds, a foreign citizen, upon his application, may be issued a residence permit giving the right to permanent residence in the Russian Federation. To obtain a residence permit, a foreign citizen must live in the Russian Federation for at least one year on the basis of a temporary residence permit. A residence permit is issued to a foreign citizen for a period of five years. The grounds for refusal to issue (or cancellation) of a residence permit are the same as in case of refusal to issue a temporary residence permit.

Federal law also regulates the procedure for issuing invitations to enter the Russian Federation, the procedure for registering foreign citizens who have entered the territory of the Russian Federation, the procedure for the movement of foreign citizens within the Russian Federation, the electoral rights of foreign citizens, the conditions for the participation of foreign citizens in labor relations, the procedure for replacing state positions, the attitude of foreign citizens to military service.