Histoire de l'islam

Islam appeared in Arabia in the seventh century with the appearance of his prophet, Mohammed. Like most world religions, the historical evolution of Islam has had a significant impact on political, economic, and military history in and beyond its primary geographic areas, forming an Islamic civilization.

A century after the death of Muhammad, an Islamic empire spread from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to Central Asia in the east. It has not remained unified for a long time; the new regime quickly ended in civil war, named Fitna. The Muslim world then divided into rival dynasties calling for the caliphate, or the leadership of the Muslim world, and many Islamic empires were ruled by a caliph unable to unify the Islamic world.